World Enivironmental Issues Brief

  • LARGE AREAS SUBJECT TO OVERPOPULATION
  • INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS
  • POLLUTION (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances)
  • LOSS OF VEGETATION (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification)
  • LOSS OF WILDLIFE
  • SOIL DEGRADATION
  • SOIL DEPLETION
  • EROSION
  • GLOBAL WARMING

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Global Issues Snapshots

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Mozambique

— Current Environmental Issues —
a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem

— Health Indicators —
HIV / AIDS prevalancy rate: 12.2
Fertility Rate: 5.3
Infant Mortality Rate: 109.9
Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: 41.4
Life Expectancy at Birth: Female: 40.0
Life Expectancy at Birth: Total Population: 40.9

— Population —
Population Total: 20,905,585
Population Growth Rate: 1.8

— Economic Indicators —
GDP Real Growth Rate: 9.8
Military Expendatures Percent of GDP: 0.9
Unemployment Rate: 21.0
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12.8
GDP Per Capita PPP: 1,500
Population Below Poverty Line: 70
    (Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations.)

— Education and Communications —
Global Issues Snapshots
Global Issues Snapshots
Bordering country: Malawi
Bordering country: South Africa
Bordering country: Swaziland
Bordering country: Tanzania
Bordering country: Zambia
Bordering country: Zimbabwe

— Background —
Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the countrys development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment.