World Enivironmental Issues Brief

  • LARGE AREAS SUBJECT TO OVERPOPULATION
  • INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS
  • POLLUTION (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances)
  • LOSS OF VEGETATION (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification)
  • LOSS OF WILDLIFE
  • SOIL DEGRADATION
  • SOIL DEPLETION
  • EROSION
  • GLOBAL WARMING

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Global Issues Snapshots

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Indonesia

— Current Environmental Issues —
deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires

— Health Indicators —
HIV / AIDS prevalancy rate: 0.1
Fertility Rate: 2.4
Infant Mortality Rate: 32.1
Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: 67.7
Life Expectancy at Birth: Female: 73.0
Life Expectancy at Birth: Total Population: 70.2

— Population —
Population Total: 234,693,997
Population Growth Rate: 1.2

— Economic Indicators —
GDP Real Growth Rate: 5.4
Military Expendatures Percent of GDP: 3.0
Unemployment Rate: 12.5
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 13.2
GDP Per Capita PPP: 3,800
Population Below Poverty Line: 18
    (Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations.)

— Education and Communications —
Global Issues Snapshots
Global Issues Snapshots
Bordering country: East Timor
Bordering country: Malaysia
Bordering country: Papua New Guinea

— Background —
The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; the islands were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence after Japans surrender, but it required four years of intermittent negotiations, recurring hostilities, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to relinquish its colony. Indonesia is the worlds largest archipelagic state and home to the worlds largest Muslim population. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing financial sector reforms, stemming corruption, holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations, and controlling avian influenza. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face a low intensity separatist guerilla movement in Papua.